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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

江苏：立法促进数字经济做优做强（地方立法新实践）******

　　“产品代入模型库，测算和分析市场投放后潜在的状态和效益……”最近，红豆集团红豆工业互联网公司总经理奚峰又多了一个新头衔：企业首席数据官。

　　江苏省十三届人大常委会第三十次会议审议通过《江苏省数字经济促进条例》（以下简称《条例》），并于今年8月1日起施行。其中第67条规定，鼓励企业建立首席数据官制度，由企业相关负责人担任首席数据官，推动企业构建数据驱动的生产方式和管理模式。

　　企业首席数据官职能的发挥以及制度的建立，是企业实现智改数转、提升竞争力的重要载体，也是江苏数字经济发展的一个缩影。

　　如何进一步做优做强数字经济，使之成为转型发展的关键增量？江苏省人大常委会法工委副主任夏正芳介绍，《条例》共9章85条，包括数字技术创新、数字基础设施建设、数字产业化、数据利用和保护等内容，旨在进一步推动数字经济与实体经济深入融合发展，为做强数字经济提供有力法治保障。

　　“《条例》的出台是破解数字经济发展痛点、难点问题的迫切需要。”夏正芳介绍，江苏数字经济发展快、规模大，但在数字技术创新驱动、龙头企业培育壮大、数据资源开发利用等方面还有一定差距。

　　为推动数字产业创新发展，《条例》作出了一系列规定：省人民政府根据产业发展趋势，结合本省发展，统筹规划全省数字产业发展；在集成电路、物联网等特色优势领域，加快重大项目推进、产业链上下游对接配套、骨干龙头企业培育，打造具有国际竞争力的产业高地；推动软件产业集群建设，培育软件名城和软件名园，构建安全可控、开放协同的现代软件产业体系。

　　另外，针对实践中存在的中小企业转型成本高、转型难导致不敢转、不能转的问题，《条例》提出了颇多“亮点条款”。

　　“结合调研中各方提出的针对性意见建议，我们通过《条例》中的多层面举措鼓励推动企业产业数字化转型。”江苏省人大财经委副主任委员吕小鹏介绍，例如，《条例》明确提出推动企业实施智能化改造，推广服务型制造新模式；规定支持数字技术在先进制造业集群的深度应用，鼓励产业链龙头企业打造供应链数字化协作平台；要求加大对工业互联网发展的支持力度，推动运用高适配、快部署、易运维的工业互联网解决方案，降低中小企业的工业互联网使用成本……

　　“《条例》的制定实施，加快推进了产业数字化转型，持续深化融合应用，为经济发展带来坚强保障。”江苏省工信厅“智改数转”专班相关负责人介绍，目前，江苏省新培育国家级特色专业型工业互联网平台12个，新增省级智能制造示范车间和智能工厂试点340多家，创新经济发展迎来全新机遇。

　　版式设计：蔡华伟

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）